A Study to Assess the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical, Psychological, Economical and Social status among general population in selected areas of Kachery, Thrissur
Jeril Joji1*, Jinumol Jose1, Josna Augustine1, Mariya Johny1, Sandra Joseph1, Seeja Jacob2,
Angela Gnanadurai3
1IVth Year BSC(N) Students*, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Thrissur.
2Asst. Professor, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Thrissur.
3Professor, Jubilee Mission College of Nursing, Thrissur.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: jeril.g46@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Title of study: A study to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical, psychological, economical and social status among general population in selected areas of kachery, Thrissur. Introduction: COVID-19 has caused serious impact on every society globally. The COVID-19 caused physical, psychological, economical and social impact on general population. Objectives: To assess impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical, psychological, economical and social status among general population in selected areas of Kachery, Thrissur. To associate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical, psychological, economical and social status with selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: The study was conducted among 100 samples from selected areas of Kachery, Thrissur. The research design of the study is descriptive design and sample was collected by convenient sampling method. Tool: The tool consists of 2 sections. Section A: Socio-demographic and clinical data profile. Section B: Self developed checklist to assess the impact of covid-19 on physical, psychological, economical and social status. Results: The findings shows that, in socio-demographic and clinical data profile, 54(54%) are below 50 years of age while 46(46%) are above 50 years of age. Most of the samples 60(60%) are females and 40(40%) are males. Among 100 samples, about 31(31%) have hypertension, 49(49%) have diabetes mellitus and 20(20%) are suffering from other type of diseases. About 68(68%) of the samples belong to APL and 32(32%) belong BPL. Overall 22(22%) sample is having moderate impact on COVID-19 pandemic, 78(78%) sample is having low impact on COVID-19 pandemic and no sample is having high impact on COVID-19 pandemic. 1(1%) of sample have high psychological impact. 3(3%) of sample have moderate physical impact, 25(25%) have moderate psychological impact and 29(29%) sample have moderate economic impact and 30(30%) sample have moderate social impact. 97(97%) of sample is having low physical impact, 74(74%) of sample is having low psychological impact, 71(71%) of sample have low economic impact and 70(70%) sample have low social impact. There is significant association of co-morbid conditions of sample with impact of COVID-19. Discussion: At the end of the study investigator found that there is significant association of comorbid conditions of sample with impact of COVID-19 pandemic at p<0.05. Comorbid condition increases the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. There is no significant association of age, gender, occupation, residential place during the pandemic with impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
KEYWORDS: Assessment of impact of COVID-19, physical, psychological, economical, social status, general population.
INTRODUCTION:
The contagious respiratory illness caused by this novel coronavirus is called coronavirus disease 2019 or, in short, COVID-19. From February, COVID-19 cases soared across most of Europe, the United States, Australia, Asia and on to Africa.1 Coronavirus named severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in a seafood market in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in China, at the end of 2019.2
As of August 25, 2021, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had been confirmed in over 210 countries and territories. According to Corona India Tracker, By August 25 2021, there are about 3702417 people are so far affected in Kerala by novel coronavirus COVID-19. 3510909 out of 3702417 have recovered. Sadly, 18743 patients have died due to coronavirus in Kerala.3 This pandemic changes many people lifestyle, aware about hygiene practices. Today most of the people use sanitizers as well different masks for prevention from Covid-19. But it is necessary to know which type of things are good for us.4
On March 22nd, 2020 is the first public curfew in India due to outbreak of Covid-19. It is experiential due to lockdown period slow the growth rate of economic and also restricts the people to stay in their homes only.5 People with chronic conditions are disproportionately prone to COVID-19–related hospitalizations, intensive care admissions, and mortality, compared to those without chronic conditions. COVID- 19 was reported as a pandemic by world health organization. COVID -19 is continuing to spread around the world , with more than 160 million confirmed cases and 3 million death across nearly 200 countries and total of 1,407,945,776 vaccine doses have been administered.6
A total of 6142 adults from eighteen countries within the MENA region completed an online questionnaire between May and June 2020. Psychological impact was assessed. About 42% reported receiving increased support from family members, 40.5% were paying more attention to their mental health, and over 40% reported spending more time resting since the pandemic started7 During this post lockdown period, there is an increased risk to get contacted with COVID-19. Employees would be able to focus upon their work only if they are experiencing parental behavior from their employers.8
Christine Michael conducted a study on Psychological impact on people Due to Pandemic of Covid-19 in selected Areas of Mumbai.
The study concluded by stating the fact that, the psychological impact of people due to the pandemic of covid-19 was severe.9 The novelty of this disease, along with its uncertainties, make it critical for health authorities to plan appropriate strategies to prepare and manage the public. It is therefore of utmost importance that the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population be studied to guide these efforts.10 The COVID-19 pandemic has not only shown considerable global health calamity but also impacted badly on the economy of the century.11
Prabha Grace CMC,Deepa George, Sumi Jose, AshniAntuvconducted a study onknowledge and anxiety regarding COVID 19 pandemic among parents and students. The study concluded that majority of sample has average knowledge and moderate anxiety regarding COVID19.12 NishuAyedee, Sanjay Manocha conducted study on role of Media (Television) in Creating Positive At descriptivemosphere in Covid 19 during Lockdown in India, and results showed that television helps to propogate healthy awareness in people.13 A cross-sectional study was conductedbyHabibunisha H, Vadivazhgan, NivethithaK, to assess the level of perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination among public The study results showed that among 50 subjects 24(48%) subjects had favorable perception, 23(46%) subjects had neutral perception and 3(6%) subjects had unfavorable perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination among public.14
De Pue, S., Gillebert, C., Dierckx, in 2021 conducted a study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on well-being and cognitive functioning of older adults.640 Participants were involved. Majority of the participants (76%) reported a decrease in well-being in one or more domains. 19% reported a decreased sleep quality during the COVIDs-19 period. A minority of the participants (8%) reported decreased cognitive functions.15
A cross sectional study was conducted by Bach Xuan, Hein thi Nguyen, Huongthule using a web based approach was conducted in the second week of April 2020 to examine the influence of national social distancing on the quality of life and economic well being of Vietnamese citizens under COVID 19 pandemic, 66.9% reported household income loss due to COVID-19 pandemic.16
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the physical, psychological, economic and social status among general population in selected areas of Kachery, Thrissur
2. To associate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical, psychological, economic and social status among general population with selected socio-demographic variables.
MATERIAL ANDMETHODS:
Research approach:
Quantitative research approach is considered to assess the impact of COVID-19 on physical, psychological, economical and social life among the population.
Research design:
Research design used in the study is descriptive design to assess the impact of COVID-19 on physical, psychological, economical and social status among the population.
Setting:
Study conducted amonggeneral populationliving onlyin selected area, ward 22 at Kachery Thrissur.
Population:
Population consistof peoplewith age group above 30 years from a selected urban community, Thrissur.
Sample and sample size:
People with age group above 30 years from both genders in a selected urban community Kachery, Thrissur.
In this study sample size is 100.
Sampling technique:
Sampling technique used for this study is convenience sampling.
Description and Scoring of Data Collection Tools:
Section A: Socio-demographic and clinical data profile:
It includes gender, age, education, residential place during the pandemic; (whether in containment zone), marital status, employment status; (if they work in the Medical field private or government sector) or one of their relatives, socioeconomic status (APL or BPL), parental status, household size and type.
Section B: A self-developed checklist to assess the impact of COVID- 19 on physical, psychological, economic and social domains in the community:
The checklist consists of 53 close ended questions for assessing impact on COVID-19 on physical, psychological, economical and social status. Each option yes carries 1 point and no carries 0 point. In physical domain it contains 18 questions, in psychological domain, it contains 13 questions, ineconomical domain, it contains 9 questions and in social domain, it contains 13 questions. Overall interpretation: Score 1 to 26: less impact (0% - 50%), Score 27 to 40: moderate impact (51% - 75%), Score 41 to 53: high impact (76% - 100%).
Data Analysts and Interpretation:
Table 1: Distribution of socio-demographic and clinical data profile of sample according to frequency and percentage (n=100)
|
Sl. No |
Variables |
Frequency |
Percentage (%) |
|
1. |
Age |
|
|
|
a. |
Below 50 years |
54 |
54 |
|
b. |
Above 50 years |
46 |
46 |
|
2. |
Gender |
|
|
|
a. |
Male |
40 |
40 |
|
b. |
Female |
60 |
60 |
|
3. |
Marital Status |
|
|
|
a. |
Married |
78 |
78 |
|
b. |
Unmarried |
21 |
21 |
|
c. |
Widow/Widower |
1 |
1 |
|
4. |
Family Type |
|
|
|
a. |
Nuclear |
93 |
93 |
|
b. |
Joint |
7 |
7 |
|
5. |
Education |
|
|
|
a. |
Illiterate |
2 |
2 |
|
b. |
Primary |
52 |
52 |
|
c. |
Secondary/ Higher Secondary |
22 |
22 |
|
d. |
Graduate |
24 |
24 |
|
6. |
Occupation |
|
|
|
a. |
Unemployed |
38 |
38 |
|
b. |
Working in medical field |
2 |
2 |
|
c. |
Working in non-medical field |
24 |
24 |
|
d. |
Self employed |
26 |
26 |
|
e. |
Daily wage worker |
10 |
10 |
|
7. |
Comorbidconditions |
|
|
|
a. |
Hypertension |
31 |
31 |
|
b. |
Diabetes mellitus |
49 |
49 |
|
c. |
Others |
20 |
20 |
|
8. |
Socioeconomicstatus |
|
|
|
a. |
APL |
68 |
68 |
|
b. |
BPL |
32 |
32 |
|
9. |
Residential place during the pandemic |
|
|
|
a. |
Containment zone |
41 |
41 |
|
b. |
Non containment zone |
59 |
59 |
The table 1 shows that, in this study majority of people 54(54%) are below 50 years of age while 46(46%) are above 50 years of age. Most of the samples 60(60%) are females and 40(40%) are males. Among samples, about 38(38%) were unemployed, 2(2%) are working in medical fields, 24(24%) were working in non-medical fields, about 26(26%) were self-employed and 10(10%) were daily wage workers. Among 100 samples, about 31(31%) have hypertension, 49(49%) have diabetes mellitus and 20(20%) are suffering from other type of diseases.
Table 2: Distribution of sample according to the domainsphysical, psychological, economical and social impact of COVID 19(n=100)
|
Sl. No |
Variables |
Low Impact |
Moderate Impact |
High Impact |
|||
|
|
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1 |
Physical Impact |
97 |
97% |
3 |
3% |
0 |
0% |
|
2 |
Psychological impact |
74 |
74% |
25 |
25% |
1 |
1% |
|
3 |
Economic Impact |
71 |
71% |
29 |
29% |
0 |
0% |
|
4 |
Social Impact |
70 |
70% |
30 |
30% |
0 |
0% |
|
|
OVERALL |
78 |
78% |
22 |
22% |
0 |
0% |
Table 2 shows that 3(3%) of sample is having moderate physical impact, 97(97%) sample is having low physical impact. 25(25%) sample have moderate psychological impact and 74(74%) have low psychological impact and only 1(1%) of the sample have high psychological impact. 29(29%) sample have moderate economic impact, 71(71%) have low economic impact.30(30%) sample have moderate social impact and 70(70%) have low social impact and no sample have high physical, economical and social impact.
(n=100)
FIG 1: Distribution of sample according to the domains of impact
Table 3: Distribution of impact of COVID-19 pandemic based on overall scoring system (n=100)
|
Sl No. |
Interpretation score |
Frequency (n=100) |
Percentage (%) |
|
1. |
Low impact (0 – 26) |
78 |
78% |
|
2. |
Moderate impact (27 – 40) |
22 |
22% |
|
3. |
High impact (41 – 53) |
0 |
0% |
Table 3shows that 22(22%) sample is having moderate impact on COVID-19 pandemic, 78(78%) sample is having low impact on COVID-19 pandemic and no sample is having high impact on COVID-19 pandemic.
Table 4: Association of selected demographic variables and impact of COVID-19 pandemic (n=100)
|
Sl. No. |
Variables |
Chi square |
df |
p value |
Significance |
|
1 |
Age |
0.8765 |
1 |
0.349 |
Not significant |
|
2 |
Gender |
0.2357 |
1 |
0.627 |
Not significant |
|
3 |
Occupation |
5.9016 |
4 |
0.207 |
Not significant |
|
4 |
Comorbid Conditions |
11.67 |
2 |
0.002* |
Significant |
Significant at p<0.05
Table 3 shows that there is significant association (p<0.05) of comorbid conditions of sample with impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Comorbid condition increases the physical, psychological, economic and social impact of COVID-19 pandemic. There is no significant association of age, gender, occupation, residential place during the pandemic with impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
In Socio-demographic and clinical data profile, 54(54%) are below 50 years of age while 46(46%) are above 50 years of age. Most of the samples 60(60%) are females and 40(40%) are males. Among samples, about 38(38%) were unemployed, 2(2%) are working in medical fields, 24(24%) were working in non-medical fields, about 26(26%) were self-employed and 10(10%) were daily wage workers. Among 100 samples, about 31(31%) have hypertension, 49(49%) have diabetes mellitus and 20(20 %) are suffering from other type of diseases.
Regarding the domains of impact of COVID-19:
1. Physical impact – 97(97%) have low impact, 3(3%) have moderate impact and no high impact.
2. Psychological impact – 74(74%) have low impact, 25(25%) have moderate impact and 1(1%) has high impact.
3. Economic impact – 71(71%) have low impact whereas 29(29%) have moderate impact and no high impact.
4. Social impact – 70(70%) have low impact, 30(30%) have moderate impact and no high impact.
In this study, based on the overall scoring system, 78(78%) have low impact, 22(22%) have moderate impact and there is no high impact on physical, psychological, economic and social domains of COVID-19 pandemic.
There is significant association (p<0.05) of comorbid conditions of sample with impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Comorbid condition increases the physical, psychological, economic and social impact of COVID-19 pandemic. There is no significant association of age, gender, occupation, residential place during the pandemic with impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
This study is supported by studies conducted by Joel Alias Saji et al J Edu in Health promotion in 2020 conducted an observational study on the social impact of post COVID-19 lockdown on everyday life in Kerala. This cross sectional survey was conducted among 700 families during April- May 2020 using respondent driven sampling. This data was analysed and the categorical variables have been presented as percentages and proportions. Anxiety (44%) and fear (44.3%) were reported by many of the study participants. Alsoincrease in the prevalence of domestic violence. (13.7%).17
Kavita Singh, Dimple Kondal, Karen Eggleston in 2020 conducted a study on Health, psychosocial, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with chronic conditions in India.83% of participants reported difficulty in accessing healthcare, 17% faced difficulties in accessing medicines, 59% reported loss of income, 38% lost jobs, and 28% reduced fruit and vegetable consumption. Further, difficulties in accessing medicines, and job loss were associated with worsening of diabetes or hypertension symptoms. The study concludes that people with chronic conditions, particularly among poor, rural, and marginalized populations, have experienced difficulties in accessing healthcare and been severely affected both socially and financially by the COVID-19 pandemic.18
CONCLUSION:
The findings of the study to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical, psychological, economic and social status among general population in selected areas of Kachery, Thrissur showed that there is 78(78%) have low impact, 22(22%) have moderate impact and no sample has overall high impact. There is significant association (p<0.05) of comorbid conditions of sample with impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that Comorbid condition increases the physical, psychological, economic and social impact of COVID-19 pandemic. There is no significant association of age, gender, occupation, residential place during the pandemic with impact of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Received on 15.03.2022 Modified on 08.06.2022
Accepted on 12.10.2022 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(4):321-325.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00072